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	<title>IMRivers</title>
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		<title>Rain Barrel Registry</title>
		<link>http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/rain-barrel-registry/</link>
		<comments>http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/rain-barrel-registry/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Apr 2012 15:50:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ritu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.imrivers.org/home/?p=1013</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
By capturing rainwater, rain barrels encourage water conservation and  help reduce stormwater pollution. The Rain Barrel Registry will showcase  the many thousands of rain barrels now in use around the US and provide  incentive for more people and communities to get involved and make a  difference. This app and interactive website <a href='http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/rain-barrel-registry/'>[...]</a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.imrivers.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/bluebutton.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-1016" title="bluebutton" src="http://www.imrivers.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/bluebutton.jpg" alt="" width="216" height="216" /></a></p>
<p>By capturing rainwater, rain barrels encourage water conservation and  help reduce stormwater pollution. The Rain Barrel Registry will showcase  the many thousands of rain barrels now in use around the US and provide  incentive for more people and communities to get involved and make a  difference. This app and interactive website were developed in  partnership with <a href="http://www.rivernetwork.org/">River Network</a> and <a href="../../">IMRivers</a> by Vertices, powered by Mappler.</p>
<p>Visit <a href="http://www.imrivers.org/rainbarrelinfo/">http://www.imrivers.org/rainbarrelinfo/</a> for more information</p>
<p>Rituparna Ganguly, Research Assistant at <a href="http://www.vertices.com/">VERTICES</a>, ritu@vertices.com</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Growing Food Demand Strains Energy, Water Supplies</title>
		<link>http://www.imrivers.org/home/news/growing-food-demand-strains-energy-water-supplies/</link>
		<comments>http://www.imrivers.org/home/news/growing-food-demand-strains-energy-water-supplies/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Apr 2012 15:10:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ritu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Energy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Environment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water Supplies]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.imrivers.org/home/?p=998</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Groundwater tables have fallen precipitously, 600 feet below the ground  in some places, requiring even more powerful pumps to bring water to  the surface. Over-consumption has taxed the power grid, constraining the  electricity available for others. Many countries that rely on farming are unstable because because of the relationship between energy and <a href='http://www.imrivers.org/home/news/growing-food-demand-strains-energy-water-supplies/'>[...]</a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Groundwater tables have fallen precipitously, 600 feet below the ground  in some places, requiring even more powerful pumps to bring water to  the surface. Over-consumption has taxed the power grid, constraining the  electricity available for others. Many countries that rely on farming are unstable because because of the relationship between energy and groundwater.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.imrivers.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Rivers_StrainsEnergy.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-999" title="Rivers_StrainsEnergy" src="http://www.imrivers.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Rivers_StrainsEnergy-300x182.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="182" /></a></p>
<p>A man irrigates his field with an electric water pump east of Gauhati,  in northern India. Excessive water pumping has strained both water and  energy supplies in India, China and other hot spots around the world.</p>
<p>Read the full article <a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/04/120406-food-water-energy-nexus/">here </a></p>
<p>Source: <a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/archives/environment/">The National Geographic</a></p>
<p>Rituparna Ganguly, Research Assistant at <a href="http://www.vertices.com/">VERTICES</a>, ritu@vertices.com</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>A Long-Dry California River Gets, and Gives, New Life</title>
		<link>http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/a-long-dry-california-river-gets-and-gives-new-life/</link>
		<comments>http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/a-long-dry-california-river-gets-and-gives-new-life/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Mar 2012 15:35:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ritu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.imrivers.org/home/?p=994</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
One of the largest river-restoration projects has begun to the Owens River in Los Angeles, California.
Read article here
Rituparna Ganguly, Research Assistant at VERTICES, ritu@vertices.com
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.imrivers.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Rivers-owens.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-995" title="Rivers-owens" src="http://www.imrivers.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Rivers-owens-300x220.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="220" /></a></p>
<p>One of the largest river-restoration projects has begun to the Owens River in Los Angeles, California.</p>
<p>Read article <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/12/us/12water.html?ref=water">here</a></p>
<p>Rituparna Ganguly, Research Assistant at <a href="http://www.vertices.com/">VERTICES</a>, ritu@vertices.com</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>World Water Day is Today</title>
		<link>http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/world-water-day-is-today/</link>
		<comments>http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/world-water-day-is-today/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:37:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ritu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.imrivers.org/home/?p=990</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
There are 7 billion people to feed on the planet today and another 2 billion are expected to join by 2050. Statistics  say that each of us drinks from 2 to 4 liters of water every day,  however most of the water we ‘drink’ is embedded in the food we eat. To learn <a href='http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/world-water-day-is-today/'>[...]</a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.imrivers.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/worldwaterday2.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-991" title="worldwaterday2" src="http://www.imrivers.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/worldwaterday2-300x168.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="168" /></a></p>
<p><strong>There are 7 billion people to feed on the planet today and another 2 billion are expected to join by 2050. </strong>Statistics  say that each of us drinks from 2 to 4 liters of water every day,  however most of the water we ‘drink’ is embedded in the food we eat. To learn more about World Water Day or to  find out about events happening near you visit the website <a href="http://www.unwater.org/worldwaterday/index.html">here</a></p>
<p>Rituparna Ganguly, Research Assistant at <a href="http://www.vertices.com/">VERTICES</a>, ritu@vertices.com</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>World Water Day 2012</title>
		<link>http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/world-water-day-2012/</link>
		<comments>http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/world-water-day-2012/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:43:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ritu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.imrivers.org/home/?p=982</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
Tomorrow, March 22, 2012 is World Water Day. World Water Day focuses its attention on the importance on the importance of freshwater and advocating for the sustainable management of freshwater resources. To learn more about World Water Day and what you can do to help, please visit the World Water Day website here
Rituparna Ganguly, Research <a href='http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/world-water-day-2012/'>[...]</a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.imrivers.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/WorldWaterDay2012.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-986" title="WorldWaterDay2012" src="http://www.imrivers.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/WorldWaterDay2012.jpg" alt="" width="266" height="190" /></a></p>
<p>Tomorrow, March 22, 2012 is World Water Day. World Water Day focuses its attention on the importance on the importance of freshwater and advocating for the sustainable management of freshwater resources. To learn more about World Water Day and what you can do to help, please visit the World Water Day website <a href="http://www.unwater.org/worldwaterday/">here</a></p>
<p>Rituparna Ganguly, Research Assistant, <a href="http://www.vertices.com/">VERTICES</a>, ritu@vertices.com</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<item>
		<title>Government report finds DC misled EPA about testing for lead in drinking water</title>
		<link>http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/government-report-finds-dc-misled-epa-about-testing-for-lead-in-drinking-water/</link>
		<comments>http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/government-report-finds-dc-misled-epa-about-testing-for-lead-in-drinking-water/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Mar 2012 16:58:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ritu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Drinking Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EPA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.imrivers.org/home/?p=979</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The D.C. Water and Sewer Authority stopped testing for lead in parts of the  district that were known to have high levels in order to meet EPA goals.
Read the full article here
Source: The Washington Post
Rituparna Ganguly, VERTICES, ritu@vertices.com
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The D.C. Water and Sewer Authority stopped testing for lead in parts of the  district that were known to have high levels in order to meet EPA goals.</p>
<p>Read the full article <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/government-report-finds-dc-misled-epa-about-testing-for-lead-in-drinking-water/2012/03/19/gIQArMkDNS_story.html">here</a></p>
<p>Source: <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/">The Washington Post</a></p>
<p>Rituparna Ganguly, <a href="http://www.vertices.com/">VERTICES</a>, ritu@vertices.com</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Two Grant Opportunities</title>
		<link>http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/two-grant-opportunities/</link>
		<comments>http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/two-grant-opportunities/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Feb 2012 14:23:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ritu</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Grants]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.imrivers.org/home/?p=946</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Grant Opportunities

Dear Friends of Environmental Conservation,

The Captain Planet Foundation recently announced the Funding for Youth Environmental Projects. The grant applications are due on May 31, September 30, and January 15 of each year. We would like to create a partnership with your organization for this grant!
The     goal is to fund and <a href='http://www.imrivers.org/home/uncategorized/two-grant-opportunities/'>[...]</a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><strong>Grant Opportunities<br />
</strong></div>
<p>Dear Friends of Environmental Conservation,</p>
<div>
<p>The <strong>Captain Planet Foundation</strong> recently announced the<strong> Funding for Youth Environmental Projects</strong>. The grant applications are due on May 31, September 30, and January 15 of each year. We would like to create a partnership with your organization for this grant!</p>
<p>The     goal is to fund and support  hands-on environmental projects for    children and youth. The Captain Planet Foundation primarily makes grants    to U.S.-based  schools and organizations with an annual operating    budget of less than  $3 million.</p>
<p><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?llr=fk6spyiab&amp;et=1109206386742&amp;s=0&amp;e=001SWBColjr29uvg-uLoteIziufnIIdD1RqXFeu9-RX0jeUQ9yFAaNK8bn2MycWcEPIJGinfRCLQdLD7efYPCmVOPtoR29Z8CvVUXlbzf3HAqf5gxcYA8Izx9LOyBhfwD-9UaZfDUV0SZNElY3xF1uHEQTUfbVzEfs7" target="_blank">Click here</a> for more information including all eligibility requirements.</p>
<p>Another grant opportunity has also been offered in Virginia.</p>
<p>The<strong> Virginia Environmental Endownment</strong> recently announced the<strong> Virginia Mini-Grant Program. </strong></p>
<p><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?llr=fk6spyiab&amp;et=1109206386742&amp;s=0&amp;e=001SWBColjr29uvg-uLoteIziufnIIdD1RqXFeu9-RX0jeUQ9yFAaNK8bn2MycWcEPIJGinfRCLQdIWY5g3QEkSUUnzyLgETd8bgsr_k_0cVOiubYJp3Pr9LA==" target="_blank">Click here</a> for more information including all eligibility requirements.</p>
<p>We  have been working with several environmental communities to incorporate  their ideas into interactive maps and  iPhone applications. The  interactive mapping services have been used by clients such as <a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?llr=fk6spyiab&amp;et=1109206386742&amp;s=0&amp;e=001SWBColjr29uvg-uLoteIziufnIIdD1RqXFeu9-RX0jeUQ9yFAaNK8bn2MycWcEPIJGinfRCLQdIWY5g3QEkSUfXFlwRUfuq85TgMC2cIux1rusC2QipYhkM4rQKmVgrK" target="_blank">Mississippi River Trail</a> and <a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?llr=fk6spyiab&amp;et=1109206386742&amp;s=0&amp;e=001SWBColjr29uvg-uLoteIziufnIIdD1RqXFeu9-RX0jeUQ9yFAaNK8bn2MycWcEPIJGinfRCLQdIWY5g3QEkSUYjjM53Y4SHMzxrZkekaQY6WNglOsnM8RGjtvTwXH-rx9qKuaOmD7XgOthpAZDxySA==" target="_blank">Susquehanna Greenway</a>. To learn more, please visit <a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?llr=fk6spyiab&amp;et=1109206386742&amp;s=0&amp;e=001SWBColjr29uvg-uLoteIziufnIIdD1RqXFeu9-RX0jeUQ9yFAaNK8bn2MycWcEPIJGinfRCLQdIWY5g3QEkSUYjjM53Y4SHMzxrZkekaQY7vR7yexMKw2A==" target="_blank">http://www.imrivers.org</a>.</p>
<p>Please feel free to contact us at <a>gis@vertices.com</a> or <a>732 418-9135</a> with questions or to discuss your organization&#8217;s particular needs.</p>
<p>Wansoo Im, Ph.D.<br />
IMRivers<br />
<em></em></p>
<p>t: 732 418 9135<br />
gis@vertices.com</p>
</div>
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		<title>California River Report with Mixed Results</title>
		<link>http://www.imrivers.org/home/news/california-river-report-with-mixed-results/</link>
		<comments>http://www.imrivers.org/home/news/california-river-report-with-mixed-results/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Dec 2011 15:53:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[California]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Endangered Species]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Invasive Species]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rivers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.imrivers.org/home/?p=940</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Read the Full NY Times article HERE.
A report on the Sacramento and San Joaquin delta ecosystem was released just before Christmas with a mix of good and bad news. The good news is that the abundant rain and snow fall in California over the past year has helped improve the delta&#8217;s ecosystem. To keep a <a href='http://www.imrivers.org/home/news/california-river-report-with-mixed-results/'>[...]</a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 490px"><a href="http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/29/californias-delta-ecosystem-is-healthier-for-now/?scp=5&amp;sq=environment&amp;st=cse"><img title="California's Delta Ecosystem Is Healthier, For Now" src="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2011/12/28/science/deltasmeltnumbersup/deltasmeltnumbersup-blog480.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="380" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Image from the NY Times: California Department of Fish and Game, &quot;Delta smelt seen through a microscope at the California Department of Fish and Game&quot;.</p></div>
<p><a href="http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/29/californias-delta-ecosystem-is-healthier-for-now/?scp=5&amp;sq=environment&amp;st=cse" target="_blank">Read the Full NY Times article HERE.</a></p>
<p>A report on the Sacramento and San Joaquin delta ecosystem was released just before Christmas with a mix of good and bad news. The good news is that the abundant rain and snow fall in California over the past year has helped improve the delta&#8217;s ecosystem. To keep a small fish known as the delta smelt from extinction and the delta ecosystem from collapse, farmers near the delta were mandated to limit their water intake. This past year provided enough water for the smelt, ecosystem and the farmers. Along with better management in the delta, the ecosystem has seen improvement in many fish species, particularly the smelt and striped bass.</p>
<p>On the other side of the report, the fish species shad did not fair as well as other populations. Even worse is the identification of an invasive aquatic weed known as spongeplant. The plant sits and spreads rapidly on top of the water, choking the river and indigenous aquatic species.  The spread of the plant could also have a negative impact on the delta&#8217;s pumping and irrigation delivery systems, which experienced problems in the past with the spread of another invasive species called the water hyacinth.</p>
<p>The dry winter is preventing the spongeplant from obtaining the amounts of water it needs, but so then are species like the smelt.</p>
<p>Barringer, Felicity. &#8220;California&#8217;s Delta Ecosystem Is Healthier, For Now&#8221;. <em>Green: The Blog About Energy and the Environment; The New York Times</em>. 29 December, 2011. Web.</p>
<p>Meghan Karlik<br />
IMRivers<br />
<a href="mailto:mkarlik@vertices.com"> mkarlik@vertices.com </a></p>
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		<title>New Drilling Methods of the Marcellus Shale Maybe Possible in Chemung County, NY</title>
		<link>http://www.imrivers.org/home/news/new-drilling-methods-of-the-marcellus-shale-maybe-possible-in-chemung-county-ny/</link>
		<comments>http://www.imrivers.org/home/news/new-drilling-methods-of-the-marcellus-shale-maybe-possible-in-chemung-county-ny/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Dec 2011 18:36:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Drinking Water]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fracking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NY Times]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water Monitoring]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Water Quality]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.imrivers.org/home/?p=901</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Read the NY TIMES article HERE.
New York State is pending new rules for the combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. Trenton Black River rock formation in Chemung County is an area where companies have been drilling for natural gas and may now experience an increase in gas production if the new rules <a href='http://www.imrivers.org/home/news/new-drilling-methods-of-the-marcellus-shale-maybe-possible-in-chemung-county-ny/'>[...]</a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a title="In Drilling Safety Debate, Hydrofracking’s Not the Only Target" href="http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/28/in-drilling-safety-debate-hydrofrackings-not-the-only-target/?scp=3&amp;sq=environment&amp;st=cse" target="_blank">Read the NY TIMES article HERE</a>.</p>
<p>New York State is pending new rules for the combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. Trenton Black River rock formation in Chemung County is an area where companies have been drilling for natural gas and may now experience an increase in gas production if the new rules are approved.</p>
<p>The danger for humans is in the possible contamination of drinking water but there are environmental impacts as well such as ecosystem disruption and the use of millions of gallons of water per each drilling well. A lawsuit was filed for contaminated drinking water in Chemung County, but the New York Department of Environmental Conservation found that it was unlikely that the gas wells caused methane contamination of the water wells.</p>
<p>Navarro, Mireya. &#8220;In Drilling Safety Debate, Hydrofracking&#8217;s Not the Only Target&#8221;. <em>The New York Times</em>. 28 December, 2011.</p>
<p>Meghan Karlik<br />
Project Manager<br />
IMRivers.com<br />
<a href="mailto:mkarlik@vertices.com"> mkarlik@vertices.com </a></p>
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		<title>Madrid, Spain: Redefining the Waterfront</title>
		<link>http://www.imrivers.org/home/news/madrid-spain-redefining-the-waterfront/</link>
		<comments>http://www.imrivers.org/home/news/madrid-spain-redefining-the-waterfront/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Dec 2011 16:39:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Green Space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Madrid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NY Times]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Urban]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Urban Revitalization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Waterfronts]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[CLICK HERE for the NY Times Article.
Madrid Rio, a park still under construction in Madrid, is transforming the Spanish capital and its waterfront. The park is over six miles long and is reviving a stretch of the Manzanares River by taking over land that was once occupied by highways. The highways have been torn down <a href='http://www.imrivers.org/home/news/madrid-spain-redefining-the-waterfront/'>[...]</a>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 610px"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/27/arts/design/in-madrid-even-maybe-the-bronx-parks-replace-freeways.html?_r=1&amp;hp"><img title="Madrid Rio" src="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2011/12/27/arts/27parkcap/27parkcap-articleLarge.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="330" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">IMAGE from the NY TIMES: James Rajotte for The New York Times. &quot;The sun sets over the Madrid Rio park.&quot;</p></div>
<p><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/27/arts/design/in-madrid-even-maybe-the-bronx-parks-replace-freeways.html?_r=1&amp;hp" target="_blank">CLICK HERE for the NY Times Article.</a></p>
<p>Madrid Rio, a park still under construction in Madrid, is transforming the Spanish capital and its waterfront. The park is over six miles long and is reviving a stretch of the Manzanares River by taking over land that was once occupied by highways. The highways have been torn down and redirected around or under the park so that the new public space filled with bike paths, playgrounds, fountains, and a wading pool called &#8220;the beach&#8221; could be created. The park connects the city back with the river as well as reconnecting neighborhoods that were separated by the old highway.</p>
<p>Hopes that many American cities will transform abandoned and disenfranchised urban areas to public use have become more tangible with the success of projects like the Madrid Rio. Cities affected by population decline and highways that cut right through neighborhoods can use the Madrid Rio as a template to bolster economic activity and make refurbished communities more attractive. Urban revitalization by reclaiming industrial areas to natural states may be the way of the future for many American cities that will need to redefine themselves due to industrial and population decline.  The impact of building green, public spaces in urban cities is massive especially for its residents; as Madrid official, Ms. Martinez, states: &#8220;Now people who opened their windows to the sound of cars, open their windows to the sound of birds&#8221;. </p>
<p>Kimmelman, Michael. &#8220;In Madrid&#8217;s Heart, Park Blooms Where a Freeway Once Blighted&#8221;. <em>The New York Times</em>. 26 December, 2011.</p>
<p>Meghan Karlik<br />
Project Manager<br />
IMRivers<br />
<a href="mailto:mkarlik@vertices.com"> mkarlik@vertices.com </a></p>
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